Maths

Multiplication Tables

Class 3

🎯 Learning Objectives

Learn and memorise multiplication tables from 2 to 12.
Understand multiplication as repeated addition.
Identify patterns in multiplication tables (5s, 9s, doubles).
Use tables for quick multiplication and division.
Apply multiplication tables to solve real-life problems.
Develop speed and accuracy in recalling table facts.

📖 Introduction

Multiplication tables are one of the most important tools in mathematics. When you know your tables well, you can solve problems quickly — whether it is calculating the cost of 7 notebooks at ₹12 each, or finding how many runs a batsman scored in 8 overs at 6 runs per over.

Multiplication is repeated addition. For example, 4 × 3 means adding 4 three times: 4 + 4 + 4 = 12. But adding again and again takes time. That is why we learn tables — so we can find the answer instantly!

In Class 3, you will learn tables from 2 to 12. Once you memorise them, maths becomes much faster and easier. Let us begin!

Multiplication Tables: 2 to 12

Here are the complete multiplication tables from 2 to 12. Read them aloud, write them down, and practise daily!

Table of 2

2 × 1 = 2	2 × 2 = 4	2 × 3 = 6	2 × 4 = 8	2 × 5 = 10
2 × 6 = 12	2 × 7 = 14	2 × 8 = 16	2 × 9 = 18	2 × 10 = 20

Table of 3

3 × 1 = 3	3 × 2 = 6	3 × 3 = 9	3 × 4 = 12	3 × 5 = 15
3 × 6 = 18	3 × 7 = 21	3 × 8 = 24	3 × 9 = 27	3 × 10 = 30

Table of 4

4 × 1 = 4	4 × 2 = 8	4 × 3 = 12	4 × 4 = 16	4 × 5 = 20
4 × 6 = 24	4 × 7 = 28	4 × 8 = 32	4 × 9 = 36	4 × 10 = 40

Table of 5

5 × 1 = 5	5 × 2 = 10	5 × 3 = 15	5 × 4 = 20	5 × 5 = 25
5 × 6 = 30	5 × 7 = 35	5 × 8 = 40	5 × 9 = 45	5 × 10 = 50

Table of 6

6 × 1 = 6	6 × 2 = 12	6 × 3 = 18	6 × 4 = 24	6 × 5 = 30
6 × 6 = 36	6 × 7 = 42	6 × 8 = 48	6 × 9 = 54	6 × 10 = 60

Table of 7

7 × 1 = 7	7 × 2 = 14	7 × 3 = 21	7 × 4 = 28	7 × 5 = 35
7 × 6 = 42	7 × 7 = 49	7 × 8 = 56	7 × 9 = 63	7 × 10 = 70

Table of 8

8 × 1 = 8	8 × 2 = 16	8 × 3 = 24	8 × 4 = 32	8 × 5 = 40
8 × 6 = 48	8 × 7 = 56	8 × 8 = 64	8 × 9 = 72	8 × 10 = 80

Table of 9

9 × 1 = 9	9 × 2 = 18	9 × 3 = 27	9 × 4 = 36	9 × 5 = 45
9 × 6 = 54	9 × 7 = 63	9 × 8 = 72	9 × 9 = 81	9 × 10 = 90

Table of 10

10 × 1 = 10	10 × 2 = 20	10 × 3 = 30	10 × 4 = 40	10 × 5 = 50
10 × 6 = 60	10 × 7 = 70	10 × 8 = 80	10 × 9 = 90	10 × 10 = 100

Table of 11

11 × 1 = 11	11 × 2 = 22	11 × 3 = 33	11 × 4 = 44	11 × 5 = 55
11 × 6 = 66	11 × 7 = 77	11 × 8 = 88	11 × 9 = 99	11 × 10 = 110

Table of 12

12 × 1 = 12	12 × 2 = 24	12 × 3 = 36	12 × 4 = 48	12 × 5 = 60
12 × 6 = 72	12 × 7 = 84	12 × 8 = 96	12 × 9 = 108	12 × 10 = 120

12x12 multiplication table grid showing all products from 1x1 to 12x12

Tips to Remember Tables

Learning tables becomes easy when you notice patterns. Here are some helpful tricks:

🔢 Pattern 1: Table of 5 — Always ends in 0 or 5

The 5s Pattern

5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50

If you multiply 5 by an even number, the answer ends in 0 (5×2=10, 5×4=20, 5×6=30).

If you multiply 5 by an odd number, the answer ends in 5 (5×1=5, 5×3=15, 5×7=35).

🔢 Pattern 2: Table of 9 — Digit sum is always 9

The 9s Magic

9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 90

Add the digits of any answer: 1+8=9, 2+7=9, 3+6=9, 4+5=9, 5+4=9, 6+3=9, 7+2=9, 8+1=9. Always 9!

Finger trick for 9s: Hold up 10 fingers. To find 9×4, fold down the 4th finger. Count fingers on the left (3) and right (6). Answer: 36!

🔢 Pattern 3: Doubles — Table of 2, 4, and 8

Doubling Pattern

Table of 4 is double of table of 2: 2×3=6, so 4×3=12 (double of 6).

Table of 8 is double of table of 4: 4×3=12, so 8×3=24 (double of 12).

If you know table of 2, you can find table of 4 by doubling. Double again for table of 8!

🔢 Pattern 4: Table of 10 — Just add a zero

The Easiest Table

10×1=10, 10×2=20, 10×3=30... Just write the number and put a 0 after it!

🔢 Pattern 5: Table of 11 — Repeat the digit (up to 9)

The 11s Trick

11×1=11, 11×2=22, 11×3=33, 11×4=44... up to 11×9=99. The digit just repeats!

Sita says: "I forgot 7×8. But I know 7×7=49. So 7×8 = 49+7 = 56!" You can always find the next product by adding the table number once more.

Using Tables for Quick Multiplication and Division

Once you know your tables, you can solve multiplication AND division problems instantly!

Quick Multiplication

Example 1: Cost of notebooks

Arjun buys 8 notebooks at ₹9 each. Total cost = 8 × 9 = ₹72 (from table of 8 or 9).

Example 2: Cricket runs

Virat hit 6 sixes in a match. Total runs from sixes = 6 × 6 = 36 runs (from table of 6).

Quick Division Using Tables

Division is the reverse of multiplication. If you know that 7 × 8 = 56, then:

56 ÷ 7 = 8
56 ÷ 8 = 7

Example 3: Sharing equally

Meena has 48 toffees to share equally among 6 friends. How many does each get?

Think: 6 × ? = 48. From table of 6: 6 × 8 = 48. So each friend gets 8 toffees.

Example 4: Arranging in rows

A teacher has 72 students. She wants to arrange them in rows of 9. How many rows?

Think: 9 × ? = 72. From table of 9: 9 × 8 = 72. So there will be 8 rows.

Arrays showing multiplication — rows and columns of mangoes demonstrating equal groups

📝 Key Words

Word	Meaning
Multiplication	Finding the total when equal groups are combined (repeated addition)
Product	The answer we get after multiplying two numbers
Factor	The numbers being multiplied (in 4 × 3 = 12, the factors are 4 and 3)
Times	Another word for "multiplied by" (4 times 3 = 4 × 3)
Table	A list of products of a number with 1, 2, 3, ... 10
Division	Splitting a number into equal groups (reverse of multiplication)
Commutative Property	Order does not matter: 3 × 4 = 4 × 3 = 12

⭐ Key Points to Remember

Multiplication is repeated addition: 5 × 4 = 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20.
Table of 5: answers always end in 0 or 5.
Table of 9: the digit sum of every answer is 9.
Table of 10: just add a zero to the number.
Table of 11 (up to ×9): the digit repeats (11×3=33, 11×7=77).
Table of 4 = double of table of 2. Table of 8 = double of table of 4.
Commutative property: 3 × 7 = 7 × 3 = 21. Order does not matter!
Division is the reverse of multiplication: if 6×8=48, then 48÷6=8.
If you forget a table fact, add the table number one more time to the previous product.

✏️ Practice Questions

A. Fill in the Blanks (from tables)

1. 7 × 8 =

2. 9 × 6 =

3. 12 × 4 =

4. 8 × 9 =

5. 6 × 7 =

6. 11 × 6 =

7. 5 × 9 =

8. 4 × 12 =

9. 3 × 8 =

10. 9 × 9 =

B. Choose the Correct Answer (MCQ)

1. What is 8 × 7?

(a) 54(b) 56(c) 58(d) 48

2. Which table always has answers ending in 0 or 5?

(a) Table of 3(b) Table of 4(c) Table of 5(d) Table of 7

3. If 9 × 7 = 63, what is 63 ÷ 9?

(a) 6(b) 7(c) 8(d) 9

4. What is the digit sum of 9 × 8 = 72?

(a) 7(b) 8(c) 9(d) 10

5. Ravi buys 6 pens at ₹11 each. How much does he pay?

(a) ₹60(b) ₹66(c) ₹72(d) ₹77

C. Find the Missing Number

1. 6 × = 42

2. × 9 = 81

3. 7 × = 63

4. × 8 = 96

5. 11 × = 88

D. True or False

1. 6 × 4 = 4 × 6.

2. The digit sum of every product in the 9 times table is 9.

3. 5 × 7 = 30.

4. If 8 × 6 = 48, then 48 ÷ 8 = 6.

5. Table of 10 always ends in 5.

E. Match the Following

Column A	Column B
1. 7 × 9	(a) 48
2. 12 × 5	(b) 63
3. 8 × 6	(c) 36
4. 9 × 4	(d) 60
5. 11 × 8	(e) 88

🎨 Activity — Speed Test Challenge!

How fast can you answer? Ask a parent or friend to time you. Try to answer all 20 questions in under 2 minutes!

1. 3 × 7 = ___ 2. 8 × 5 = ___ 3. 6 × 9 = ___ 4. 4 × 8 = ___ 5. 9 × 3 = ___

6. 7 × 7 = ___ 7. 5 × 6 = ___ 8. 12 × 3 = ___ 9. 11 × 5 = ___ 10. 9 × 8 = ___

11. 6 × 6 = ___ 12. 8 × 4 = ___ 13. 7 × 9 = ___ 14. 3 × 12 = ___ 15. 4 × 7 = ___

16. 9 × 5 = ___ 17. 11 × 9 = ___ 18. 6 × 8 = ___ 19. 12 × 7 = ___ 20. 7 × 4 = ___

My time: _________ minutes _________ seconds

Score: _________ out of 20

Tip: Practise every day and try to beat your own time!

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🎯 Learning Objectives

Learn and memorise multiplication tables from 2 to 12.
Understand multiplication as repeated addition.
Identify patterns in multiplication tables (5s, 9s, doubles).
Use tables for quick multiplication and division.
Apply multiplication tables to solve real-life problems.
Develop speed and accuracy in recalling table facts.

📖 Introduction

Multiplication is repeated addition. For example, 4 × 3 means adding 4 three times: 4 + 4 + 4 = 12. We learn tables so we can find the answer instantly!

Multiplication Tables: 2 to 12

×	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
2	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20
3	3	6	9	12	15	18	21	24	27	30
4	4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36	40
5	5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50
6	6	12	18	24	30	36	42	48	54	60
7	7	14	21	28	35	42	49	56	63	70
8	8	16	24	32	40	48	56	64	72	80
9	9	18	27	36	45	54	63	72	81	90
10	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100
11	11	22	33	44	55	66	77	88	99	110
12	12	24	36	48	60	72	84	96	108	120

Tips to Remember Tables

Table of 5: Answers always end in 0 or 5. Even × 5 → ends in 0. Odd × 5 → ends in 5.
Table of 9: Digit sum of every answer = 9 (e.g., 9×4=36, 3+6=9). Finger trick works!
Doubles: Table of 4 = double of table of 2. Table of 8 = double of table of 4.
Table of 10: Just add a zero to the number (7×10=70).
Table of 11 (up to ×9): The digit repeats (11×4=44, 11×7=77).
Forgot a fact? Add the table number once more: 7×7=49, so 7×8=49+7=56.

Using Tables for Quick Multiplication and Division

Multiplication: Arjun buys 8 notebooks at ₹9 each. Total = 8×9 = ₹72
Multiplication: Virat hit 6 sixes. Runs from sixes = 6×6 = 36 runs
Division: Meena has 48 toffees for 6 friends. Each gets 48÷6 = 8 toffees (since 6×8=48)
Division: 72 students in rows of 9 = 72÷9 = 8 rows (since 9×8=72)

📝 Key Words

Word	Meaning
Multiplication	Finding the total when equal groups are combined (repeated addition)
Product	The answer after multiplying two numbers
Factor	Numbers being multiplied (in 4×3=12, factors are 4 and 3)
Times	Another word for "multiplied by"
Table	A list of products of a number with 1, 2, 3, ... 10
Division	Splitting into equal groups (reverse of multiplication)
Commutative Property	Order does not matter: 3×4 = 4×3 = 12

⭐ Key Points to Remember

Multiplication is repeated addition: 5×4 = 5+5+5+5 = 20.
Table of 5: answers always end in 0 or 5.
Table of 9: digit sum of every answer is 9.
Table of 10: just add a zero to the number.
Table of 11 (up to ×9): the digit repeats.
Table of 4 = double of table of 2. Table of 8 = double of table of 4.
Commutative property: 3×7 = 7×3 = 21.
Division is the reverse: if 6×8=48, then 48÷6=8.
Forgot a fact? Add the table number once more to the previous product.

A. Fill in the Blanks (from tables)

1. 7 × 8 =

2. 9 × 6 =

3. 12 × 4 =

4. 8 × 9 =

5. 6 × 7 =

6. 11 × 6 =

7. 5 × 9 =

8. 4 × 12 =

9. 3 × 8 =

10. 9 × 9 =

B. Choose the Correct Answer

1. What is 8 × 7?

(a) 54(b) 56(c) 58(d) 48

2. Which table always has answers ending in 0 or 5?

(a) Table of 3(b) Table of 4(c) Table of 5(d) Table of 7

3. If 9 × 7 = 63, what is 63 ÷ 9?

(a) 6(b) 7(c) 8(d) 9

4. What is the digit sum of 9 × 8 = 72?

(a) 7(b) 8(c) 9(d) 10

5. Ravi buys 6 pens at ₹11 each. How much does he pay?

(a) ₹60(b) ₹66(c) ₹72(d) ₹77

C. Find the Missing Number

1. 6 × = 42

2. × 9 = 81

3. 7 × = 63

4. × 8 = 96

5. 11 × = 88

D. True or False

1. 6 × 4 = 4 × 6.

2. The digit sum of every product in the 9 times table is 9.

3. 5 × 7 = 30.

4. If 8 × 6 = 48, then 48 ÷ 8 = 6.

5. Table of 10 always ends in 5.

E. Match the Following

Column A	Column B
1. 7 × 9	(a) 48
2. 12 × 5	(b) 63
3. 8 × 6	(c) 36
4. 9 × 4	(d) 60
5. 11 × 8	(e) 88

🎨 Activity — Speed Test Challenge!

How fast can you answer? Ask someone to time you. Try to finish all 20 in under 2 minutes!

1. 3×7 = ___ 2. 8×5 = ___ 3. 6×9 = ___ 4. 4×8 = ___ 5. 9×3 = ___

6. 7×7 = ___ 7. 5×6 = ___ 8. 12×3 = ___ 9. 11×5 = ___ 10. 9×8 = ___

11. 6×6 = ___ 12. 8×4 = ___ 13. 7×9 = ___ 14. 3×12 = ___ 15. 4×7 = ___

16. 9×5 = ___ 17. 11×9 = ___ 18. 6×8 = ___ 19. 12×7 = ___ 20. 7×4 = ___

My time: ___ min ___ sec Score: ___ / 20

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Multiplication Tables

🎯 Learning Objectives

📖 Introduction

Multiplication Tables: 2 to 12

Table of 2

Table of 3

Table of 4

Table of 5

Table of 6

Table of 7

Table of 8

Table of 9

Table of 10

Table of 11

Table of 12

Tips to Remember Tables

🔢 Pattern 1: Table of 5 — Always ends in 0 or 5

🔢 Pattern 2: Table of 9 — Digit sum is always 9

🔢 Pattern 3: Doubles — Table of 2, 4, and 8

🔢 Pattern 4: Table of 10 — Just add a zero

🔢 Pattern 5: Table of 11 — Repeat the digit (up to 9)

Using Tables for Quick Multiplication and Division

Quick Multiplication

Quick Division Using Tables

📝 Key Words

✏️ Practice Questions

Multiplication Tables

Multiplication Tables (continued)

Multiplication Tables (practice)

×	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
2	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20
3	3	6	9	12	15	18	21	24	27	30
4	4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36	40
5	5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50
6	6	12	18	24	30	36	42	48	54	60
7	7	14	21	28	35	42	49	56	63	70
8	8	16	24	32	40	48	56	64	72	80
9	9	18	27	36	45	54	63	72	81	90
10	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100
11	11	22	33	44	55	66	77	88	99	110
12	12	24	36	48	60	72	84	96	108	120

×	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
2	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20
3	3	6	9	12	15	18	21	24	27	30
4	4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36	40
5	5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50
6	6	12	18	24	30	36	42	48	54	60
7	7	14	21	28	35	42	49	56	63	70
8	8	16	24	32	40	48	56	64	72	80
9	9	18	27	36	45	54	63	72	81	90
10	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100
11	11	22	33	44	55	66	77	88	99	110
12	12	24	36	48	60	72	84	96	108	120

×	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
2	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20
3	3	6	9	12	15	18	21	24	27	30
4	4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36	40
5	5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50
6	6	12	18	24	30	36	42	48	54	60
7	7	14	21	28	35	42	49	56	63	70
8	8	16	24	32	40	48	56	64	72	80
9	9	18	27	36	45	54	63	72	81	90
10	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100
11	11	22	33	44	55	66	77	88	99	110
12	12	24	36	48	60	72	84	96	108	120