Class 3 - Maths - Multiplication

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to understand multiplication as repeated addition.
Students will be able to multiply single-digit numbers.
Students will be able to use multiplication in simple daily-life situations.

Let Us Begin!

Imagine you have 3 plates. Each plate has 4 biscuits. How many biscuits do you have in all?

You could add: 4 + 4 + 4 = 12. But there is a faster way!

We say: 3 groups of 4 = 3 x 4 = 12. This is called multiplication.

Multiplication is just a quick way of adding the same number again and again.

Understanding Multiplication

What does "x" mean?

The sign "x" means "times" or "groups of".

3 x 5 means "3 groups of 5" = 5 + 5 + 5 = 15.

Think about it: If you have 5 bags and each bag has 2 apples, how many apples are there? 5 x 2 = 10!

Parts of a Multiplication Sum

In 4 x 6 = 24:

4 and 6 are called factors.
24 is called the product.

Important Rules

Order does not matter: 3 x 5 = 5 x 3 = 15.
Any number x 1 = the number itself: 7 x 1 = 7.
Any number x 0 = 0: 9 x 0 = 0.

Multiplication as Repeated Addition

Multiplication	Repeated Addition	Answer
2 x 4	4 + 4	8
3 x 5	5 + 5 + 5	15
4 x 3	3 + 3 + 3 + 3	12
5 x 6	6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6	30

Key Words and Meanings

Word	Meaning
Multiply	To add a number to itself a certain number of times
Factor	The numbers we multiply together
Product	The answer we get after multiplying
Times	Another word for multiply (x)

Examples

Example 1: Simple Multiplication

Riya has 6 boxes of crayons. Each box has 4 crayons. How many crayons does she have?

6 x 4 = 24. Riya has 24 crayons.

Example 2: Using Repeated Addition

Write 4 x 7 as repeated addition and find the answer.

4 x 7 = 7 + 7 + 7 + 7 = 28.

Example 3: Word Problem

A farmer plants 5 seeds in each row. He has 8 rows. How many seeds?

5 x 8 = 40 seeds.

Key Points to Remember

Multiplication is repeated addition.
The numbers we multiply are factors. The answer is the product.
Order does not matter (3 x 5 = 5 x 3).
Any number x 1 = the number itself.
Any number x 0 = 0.

Practice Questions

A. Write as Multiplication and Find the Answer

3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = x =
6 + 6 + 6 = x =
7 + 7 + 7 + 7 = x =

B. Fill in the Blanks

5 x 6 =
Multiplication is a quick way of .
In 7 x 3 = 21, the product is .
8 x = 0
Any number multiplied by stays the same.

C. Multiple Choice Questions

What is 4 x 7?
(a) 21(b) 24(c) 28(d) 32
Which means the same as 3 x 6?
(a) 3 + 6(b) 6 + 6 + 6(c) 3 + 3(d) 6 - 3
6 x 1 = ?
(a) 0(b) 7(c) 6(d) 1

D. Word Problems

A shop sells 5 packets of pencils. Each packet has 8 pencils. How many pencils are there?
Write 6 x 9 as repeated addition and find the answer.

Think and Do -- Fun Activity

Groups Around You: Look around your home. Find 5 things that come in groups. Write a multiplication sentence for each.

Example: 3 chairs, each has 4 legs. 3 x 4 = 12 legs.

1. _______________________________________________

2. _______________________________________________

3. _______________________________________________

4. _______________________________________________

5. _______________________________________________

Mathematics -- Class 3

Mathematics -- Class 3 (continued)