Class 4 - English - Conjunctions

Learning Objectives

Understand what conjunctions are and why we use them.
Learn five important conjunctions: and, but, or, so, because.
Know the purpose of each conjunction (adding, contrasting, choosing, showing result, giving reason).
Join two short sentences into one longer sentence using conjunctions.
Identify conjunctions in sentences and use them in writing.

Let Us Begin!

Read these two sentences: "Anita likes drawing. Anita likes painting." They sound a bit choppy, don't they? Now read this: "Anita likes drawing and painting." Much smoother! The little word "and" joined the two ideas together. Words like "and" that join words, phrases, or sentences are called conjunctions. They are like bridges that connect our thoughts and make our writing flow better.

What Is a Conjunction?

A conjunction is a joining word. It connects two words, two groups of words, or two sentences into one.

Without conjunctions, our sentences would be short and jerky. With conjunctions, our writing becomes smooth and interesting.

The Five Important Conjunctions

1. AND -- adds one idea to another (both things are true).

"Ravi bought a pen and a notebook." (He bought both.)

2. BUT -- shows a contrast or something unexpected.

"I studied hard but I did not get full marks." (You expected full marks, but it did not happen.)

3. OR -- gives a choice between two things.

"Would you like tea or coffee?" (You can pick one.)

4. SO -- shows a result or what happened because of something.

"It was raining so we took an umbrella." (The rain caused us to take an umbrella.)

5. BECAUSE -- gives a reason or explains why something happened.

"We took an umbrella because it was raining." (This tells us the reason.)

Think about it: "So" and "because" are related. "So" tells the result. "Because" tells the reason. "I was hungry so I ate." / "I ate because I was hungry." Can you see the difference?

Joining Two Sentences

We can use conjunctions to combine two short sentences into one.

Two sentences: "Kavita plays the tabla. Kavita plays the sitar."

Joined: "Kavita plays the tabla and the sitar."

Two sentences: "Suresh wanted to play outside. It was too hot."

Joined: "Suresh wanted to play outside but it was too hot."

Two sentences: "You can read a book. You can draw a picture."

Joined: "You can read a book or draw a picture."

Key Words and Meanings

Conjunction	Purpose	Example
and	Adds information	I like dal and rice.
but	Shows contrast	She is small but brave.
or	Gives a choice	Is it Monday or Tuesday?
so	Shows result	He was late so he ran fast.
because	Gives a reason	I smiled because I was happy.

Key Points to Remember

A conjunction is a joining word that connects words, phrases, or sentences.
And adds ideas together: "bread and butter."
But shows contrast or surprise: "tired but happy."
Or offers a choice: "this or that."
So shows the result: "It rained so we stayed inside."
Because gives the reason: "We stayed inside because it rained."
Using conjunctions makes your writing smoother and more interesting.

Examples from Daily Life

Example 1: At Home

"Amma made chapati and sabzi for dinner. I wanted to eat outside but it was too late. So we ate at home."

Example 2: At School

"You can use a pencil or a pen for the test. Neha used a pen because her writing looks neater with it."

Example 3: On a Holiday

"We went to Mysore and visited the palace. We wanted to see the zoo but it was closed because it was Monday."

Practice Questions

A. Fill in the Blanks with the Correct Conjunction

I like mangoes bananas. (and / but)
She was tired she kept working. (so / but)
Do you want to play cricket football? (and / or)
He wore a sweater it was cold. (because / or)
The bus was late we walked to school. (so / because)

B. Multiple Choice Questions

Which conjunction shows a reason?
(a) and(b) but(c) because(d) or
"Raj is clever lazy." Which conjunction fits best?
(a) and(b) but(c) so(d) because
A conjunction is a word that:
(a) names a thing(b) describes a noun(c) joins words or sentences(d) shows action

C. Join the Sentences Using the Conjunction Given

Sita sings well. Sita dances well. (and)
I called him. He did not answer. (but)
Hurry up. You will miss the train. (or)
She was hungry. She ate two rotis. (so)

D. Identify the Conjunction

Underline the conjunction in each sentence and write it on the line.

I wanted to go but my mother said no.
We planted trees because our teacher asked us to.
Would you like to sit here or there?

Fun Activity -- Story with Conjunctions

Write a short story (6-8 sentences) about a rainy day at school. You must use each of these conjunctions at least once: and, but, or, so, because. Circle the conjunctions you use.

English -- Class 4

English -- Class 4 (continued)