Addition
Learning Objectives
- Add two 1-digit numbers.
- Add a 1-digit number to a 2-digit number.
- Add two 2-digit numbers using the vertical (column) method.
- Use a number line to add numbers.
- Solve simple word problems using addition.
Let Us Begin!
Ravi has 12 mangoes. His mother gives him 5 more. How many mangoes does he have now? We add to find the total!
Addition means putting things together to find how many in all. The sign for addition is + (plus). The answer we get is called the sum.
12 + 5 = 17. Ravi now has 17 mangoes!
Adding on a Number Line
A number line helps us add by jumping forward (to the right).
Step 1: Start at 7 on the number line.
Step 2: Jump 4 steps forward: 8, 9, 10, 11.
Step 3: You land on 11.
So 7 + 4 = 11.
5 + 3 = 8 (start at 5, jump 3 forward)
9 + 6 = 15 (start at 9, jump 6 forward)
12 + 4 = 16 (start at 12, jump 4 forward)
Adding 1-Digit Numbers
When both numbers have only 1 digit (1 to 9), we can add them easily:
3 + 5 = 8 6 + 7 = 13 9 + 4 = 13 8 + 8 = 16
4 + 6 = 10 7 + 5 = 12 9 + 9 = 18 2 + 8 = 10
Adding 2-Digit Numbers (Vertical Method)
Write the numbers one below the other. Add the ones first, then the tens.
Step 1: Write 23 on top, 15 below (line up ones under ones, tens under tens).
Step 2: Add ones: 3 + 5 = 8
Step 3: Add tens: 2 + 1 = 3
Answer: 38
Ones: 4 + 2 = 6. Tens: 3 + 2 = 5. Answer: 56
Ones: 1 + 6 = 7. Tens: 4 + 3 = 7. Answer: 77
Addition with Carrying (Regrouping)
Sometimes the ones add up to more than 9. Then we "carry" 1 ten to the tens column.
Step 1: Add ones: 7 + 5 = 12. Write 2 in ones place, carry 1 to tens.
Step 2: Add tens: 2 + 1 + 1 (carried) = 4.
Answer: 42
18 + 14 = 32 36 + 27 = 63 45 + 38 = 83
Word Problems
Addition is used in daily life. Look for words like "in all", "total", "altogether", "how many more".
Solution: 25 + 12 = ₹37
Solution: 18 + 14 = 32 students
Solution: 23 + 34 = 57 runs
Key Words
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Addition | Putting numbers together to find the total |
| Sum | The answer we get after adding |
| Plus (+) | The sign we use for addition |
| Number line | A line with numbers in order, used to count and add |
| Vertical method | Writing numbers one below the other to add |
| Carry / Regroup | Moving 1 ten to the tens column when ones add up to more than 9 |
- Addition means putting numbers together.
- The answer in addition is called the sum.
- We can add in any order: 3 + 5 = 5 + 3 = 8.
- In vertical addition, always add ones first, then tens.
- Adding 0 to any number gives the same number: 7 + 0 = 7.
- If ones add up to more than 9, carry 1 to the tens place.
- Look for clue words: "in all", "total", "altogether", "how many".
Practice Questions
| Column A (Sum) | Column B (Answer) |
|---|---|
| 1. 6 + 9 | (a) 50 |
| 2. 23 + 14 | (b) 15 |
| 3. 30 + 20 | (c) 37 |
| 4. 18 + 18 | (d) 60 |
| 5. 45 + 15 | (e) 36 |
Roll two dice (or pick two number cards from 1 to 9). Add the two numbers. Write the addition sum. Do this 5 times. Which sum is the biggest?
Example: I rolled 4 and 7. 4 + 7 = 11.
Challenge: Now try adding two 2-digit numbers! Pick any two numbers between 10 and 50 and add them using the vertical method.
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