English

Alphabet and Phonics

Class 2

🎯 Learning Objectives

Students will know all 26 letters of the alphabet in order.
Students will learn the difference between vowels and consonants.
Students will learn the sound each letter makes with Indian examples.
Students will read and write simple CVC (consonant-vowel-consonant) words.

📖 Let Us Begin!

The English alphabet has 26 letters. Each letter has a big form called an uppercase letter and a small form called a lowercase letter. Every letter also makes a special sound. Learning these sounds helps us read and write words. This is called phonics!

The 26 Letters

Uppercase: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Lowercase: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

Say the alphabet out loud from A to Z. Can you say it without stopping?

Vowels and Consonants

The 26 letters are divided into two groups: vowels and consonants.

Vowels (5): A, E, I, O, U — these letters make open sounds.

Consonants (21): All the other letters — B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Remember: A E I O U are the five vowels. All other letters are consonants.

Letter Sounds with Indian Examples

Letter	Sound	Example Word
A a	/a/	A for Aam (mango)
B b	/b/	B for Ball
C c	/k/	C for Cat
D d	/d/	D for Doll
E e	/e/	E for Elephant
F f	/f/	F for Fan
G g	/g/	G for Goat
H h	/h/	H for Hat
I i	/i/	I for Ink
J j	/j/	J for Jug
K k	/k/	K for Kite
L l	/l/	L for Lemon
M m	/m/	M for Mango

Letter	Sound	Example Word
N n	/n/	N for Nest
O o	/o/	O for Orange
P p	/p/	P for Pot
R r	/r/	R for Roti
S s	/s/	S for Sun
T t	/t/	T for Top
U u	/u/	U for Umbrella
V v	/v/	V for Van
W w	/w/	W for Well

Simple CVC Words

A CVC word has three letters: a Consonant, a Vowel, and a Consonant. These are the first words we learn to read!

CVC Word	Sounds
cat	c - a - t
dog	d - o - g
sun	s - u - n
hen	h - e - n
pot	p - o - t
bag	b - a - g

📝 Key Words

Word	Meaning
Alphabet	The set of 26 letters used in English
Vowel	The letters A, E, I, O, U
Consonant	All letters that are not vowels
Phonics	Learning the sounds that letters make
CVC word	A short word with consonant-vowel-consonant pattern

⭐ Key Points to Remember

There are 26 letters in the English alphabet.
The 5 vowels are: A, E, I, O, U.
The other 21 letters are consonants.
Each letter makes a special sound — this is phonics.
CVC words like cat, dog, sun are made of 3 sounds.

✏️ Practice Questions

A. Fill in the Blanks

1. The English alphabet has letters.

2. The five vowels are A, , I, , U.

3. The letter B makes the sound .

4. The word "cat" is a word (consonant-vowel-consonant).

5. Letters that are not vowels are called .

B. Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of these is a vowel?

(a) B(b) E(c) T(d) S

2. How many vowels are there in the English alphabet?

(a) 3(b) 4(c) 5(d) 6

3. Which word is a CVC word?

(a) tree(b) sun(c) play(d) book

C. Short Answer Questions

1. Write the five vowels of the English alphabet.

2. Write two CVC words that start with the letter "b".

3. Write the uppercase and lowercase form of any five letters.

🎨 Fun Activity -- Alphabet Sound Hunt

Look around your home. Find one thing that starts with each of these letters and write its name.

Letter	Thing I found	Letter	Thing I found
A		M
B		P
C		S
D		T

Want to use this as a worksheet? Switch to the A4 printable view.

Learning Objectives

Students will know all 26 letters of the alphabet in order.
Students will learn the difference between vowels and consonants.
Students will learn the sound each letter makes with Indian examples.
Students will read and write simple CVC words.

Let Us Begin!

The 26 Letters

Uppercase: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Lowercase: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

Vowels and Consonants

Vowels (5): A, E, I, O, U

Consonants (21): All other letters — B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z

Remember: A E I O U are the five vowels. All other letters are consonants.

Letter Sounds with Indian Examples

Letter	Example	Letter	Example	Letter	Example
A a	Aam (mango)	J j	Jug	S s	Sun
B b	Ball	K k	Kite	T t	Top
C c	Cat	L l	Lemon	U u	Umbrella
D d	Doll	M m	Mango	V v	Van
E e	Elephant	N n	Nest	W w	Well
F f	Fan	O o	Orange	X x	Box
G g	Goat	P p	Pot	Y y	Yak
H h	Hat	R r	Roti	Z z	Zebra
I i	Ink

Simple CVC Words

A CVC word has three letters: Consonant + Vowel + Consonant.

CVC Word	Sounds	CVC Word	Sounds
cat	c - a - t	dog	d - o - g
sun	s - u - n	hen	h - e - n
pot	p - o - t	bag	b - a - g

Key Words

Word	Meaning
Alphabet	The set of 26 letters used in English
Vowel	The letters A, E, I, O, U
Consonant	All letters that are not vowels
Phonics	Learning the sounds that letters make
CVC word	A short word with consonant-vowel-consonant pattern

Key Points to Remember

There are 26 letters in the English alphabet.
The 5 vowels are: A, E, I, O, U.
The other 21 letters are consonants.
Each letter makes a special sound -- this is phonics.
CVC words like cat, dog, sun are made of 3 sounds.

Examples

Vowels in words

The word "cat" has the vowel a in the middle. The word "hen" has the vowel e. The word "dog" has the vowel o.

Ravi learns phonics

Ravi sees the word "sun". He says each sound: /s/ /u/ /n/. Then he blends them together: sun! Phonics helps Ravi read new words.

Practice Questions

A. Fill in the Blanks

The English alphabet has letters.
The five vowels are A, , I, , U.
The letter B makes the sound .
The word "cat" is a word.
Letters that are not vowels are called .

B. Multiple Choice Questions

Which of these is a vowel?
(a) B(b) E(c) T(d) S
How many vowels are there in the English alphabet?
(a) 3(b) 4(c) 5(d) 6
Which word is a CVC word?
(a) tree(b) sun(c) play(d) book

C. Short Answer Questions

Write the five vowels of the English alphabet.
Write two CVC words that start with the letter "b".
Write the uppercase and lowercase form of any five letters.

Fun Activity -- Alphabet Sound Hunt

Look around your home. Find one thing that starts with each letter and write its name.

Letter	Thing I found	Letter	Thing I found
A		M
B		P
C		S
D		T

Alphabet and Phonics

🎯 Learning Objectives

📖 Let Us Begin!

The 26 Letters

Vowels and Consonants

Letter Sounds with Indian Examples

Simple CVC Words

📝 Key Words

✏️ Practice Questions

English -- Class 2

English -- Class 2 (continued)